From 908f7806057ba2295247671e66900dc4de71634d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 22:45:58 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/9] fix(gui): renderer.vaxis must be pub for terminal

---
 src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
index bb3d0675..49c4a73c 100644
--- a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
+++ b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pub const log_name = "renderer";
 
 const std = @import("std");
 const cbor = @import("cbor");
-const vaxis = @import("vaxis");
+pub const vaxis = @import("vaxis");
 const Style = @import("theme").Style;
 const Color = @import("theme").Color;
 pub const CursorShape = vaxis.Cell.CursorShape;

From b0d32f35816737d36fb52d0073b4d49cbd4bd9fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 11:30:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/9] refactor(tui): centralize native cursor check in
 has_native_cursor()

---
 src/tui/InputBox.zig                         |  2 +-
 src/tui/editor.zig                           | 10 +++++-----
 src/tui/mode/overlay/completion_dropdown.zig |  2 +-
 src/tui/status/filestate.zig                 |  2 +-
 src/tui/terminal_view.zig                    |  2 +-
 src/tui/tui.zig                              |  8 ++++++--
 6 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tui/InputBox.zig b/src/tui/InputBox.zig
index 8a06b094..3a4cd8af 100644
--- a/src/tui/InputBox.zig
+++ b/src/tui/InputBox.zig
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn Options(context: type) type {
             }
             if (self.cursor) |cursor| {
                 const pos: c_int = @intCast(cursor);
-                if (tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor) {
+                if (tui.has_native_cursor()) {
                     const y, const x = self.plane.rel_yx_to_abs(0, pos + self.opts.padding + self.icon_width);
                     tui.rdr().cursor_enable(y, x, tui.get_cursor_shape()) catch {};
                 } else {
diff --git a/src/tui/editor.zig b/src/tui/editor.zig
index 9f49c1a9..23bd9f60 100644
--- a/src/tui/editor.zig
+++ b/src/tui/editor.zig
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ pub const Editor = struct {
     animation_lag: f64,
     animation_last_time: i64,
 
-    enable_terminal_cursor: bool,
+    software_rendered_cursor: bool,
     render_whitespace: WhitespaceMode,
     indent_size: usize,
     tab_width: usize,
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ pub const Editor = struct {
             .animation_frame_rate = frame_rate,
             .animation_last_time = time.microTimestamp(),
             .enable_format_on_save = tui.config().enable_format_on_save,
-            .enable_terminal_cursor = tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor,
+            .software_rendered_cursor = !tui.has_native_cursor(),
             .render_whitespace = tui.config().whitespace_mode,
         };
         self.add_default_symbol_triggers();
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ pub const Editor = struct {
     fn render_cursors(self: *Self, theme: *const Widget.Theme, cell_map: CellMap, focused: bool) !void {
         const frame = tracy.initZone(@src(), .{ .name = "editor render cursors" });
         defer frame.deinit();
-        if (focused and tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor and tui.rdr().vx.caps.multi_cursor)
+        if (focused and !self.software_rendered_cursor and tui.rdr().vx.caps.multi_cursor)
             tui.rdr().clear_all_multi_cursors() catch {};
         for (self.cursels.items[0 .. self.cursels.items.len - 1]) |*cursel_| if (cursel_.*) |*cursel| {
             const cursor = cursel.cursor;
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@ pub const Editor = struct {
 
         const focused = focused_ or self.cursor_focus_override;
 
-        if (focused and self.enable_terminal_cursor) {
+        if (focused and !self.software_rendered_cursor) {
             if (screen_pos) |pos| {
                 self.render_term_cursor(pos, cursor_shape);
             } else if (tui.is_mainview_focused() and tui.rdr().vx.caps.multi_cursor and self.has_secondary_cursors()) {
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ pub const Editor = struct {
     fn render_cursor_secondary(self: *Self, cursor: *const Cursor, theme: *const Widget.Theme, cell_map: CellMap, focused: bool) !void {
         const pos = self.screen_cursor(cursor) orelse return;
         set_cell_map_cursor(cell_map, pos.row, pos.col);
-        if (focused and self.enable_terminal_cursor and tui.rdr().vx.caps.multi_cursor)
+        if (focused and !self.software_rendered_cursor and tui.rdr().vx.caps.multi_cursor)
             self.render_term_cursor_secondary(pos)
         else
             self.render_soft_cursor(pos, theme.editor_cursor_secondary);
diff --git a/src/tui/mode/overlay/completion_dropdown.zig b/src/tui/mode/overlay/completion_dropdown.zig
index a9a20786..94fc7e05 100644
--- a/src/tui/mode/overlay/completion_dropdown.zig
+++ b/src/tui/mode/overlay/completion_dropdown.zig
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ pub fn on_render_menu(self: *Type, button: *Type.ButtonType, theme: *const Widge
     const icon_: []const u8 = values.kind.icon();
     const color: u24 = 0x0;
 
-    if (tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor) blk: {
+    if (tui.has_native_cursor()) blk: {
         const cursor = self.value.editor.get_primary_abs() orelse break :blk;
         tui.rdr().cursor_enable(@intCast(cursor.row), @intCast(cursor.col), tui.get_cursor_shape()) catch {};
     }
diff --git a/src/tui/status/filestate.zig b/src/tui/status/filestate.zig
index 3425d59a..337e5cac 100644
--- a/src/tui/status/filestate.zig
+++ b/src/tui/status/filestate.zig
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fn render_mini_mode(plane: *Plane, theme: *const Widget.Theme) void {
     _ = plane.putstr_unicode(mini_mode.text) catch {};
     if (mini_mode.cursor) |cursor| {
         const pos: c_int = @intCast(cursor);
-        if (tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor) {
+        if (tui.has_native_cursor()) {
             const y, const x = plane.rel_yx_to_abs(0, pos + 1);
             tui.rdr().cursor_enable(y, x, tui.get_cursor_shape()) catch {};
         } else {
diff --git a/src/tui/terminal_view.zig b/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
index 8b80de76..7d79aace 100644
--- a/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
+++ b/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ pub fn render(self: *Self, theme: *const Widget.Theme) bool {
     }
 
     // Blit the terminal's front screen into our vaxis.Window.
-    const software_cursor = build_options.gui or !tui.config().enable_terminal_cursor;
+    const software_cursor = !tui.has_native_cursor();
     const focused_cursor_color: ?[3]u8 = if (theme.editor_cursor.bg) |bg| RGB.to_u8s(RGB.from_u24(bg.color)) else null;
     const unfocused_cursor_color: ?[3]u8 = if (theme.editor_cursor_secondary.bg) |bg| RGB.to_u8s(RGB.from_u24(bg.color)) else focused_cursor_color;
     self.vt.vt.draw(self.allocator, self.plane.window, self.focused and tui.terminal_has_focus(), software_cursor, focused_cursor_color, unfocused_cursor_color) catch |e| {
diff --git a/src/tui/tui.zig b/src/tui/tui.zig
index 6626cf4d..502ae979 100644
--- a/src/tui/tui.zig
+++ b/src/tui/tui.zig
@@ -164,7 +164,6 @@ fn init(allocator: Allocator) InitError!*Self {
     conf.theme = dark_theme.name;
     const light_theme = Widget.get_theme_by_name(allocator, conf.light_theme) orelse Widget.get_theme_by_name(allocator, "default-light") orelse return error.UnknownTheme;
     conf.light_theme = light_theme.name;
-    if (build_options.gui) conf.enable_terminal_cursor = false;
 
     const frame_rate: usize = @intCast(tp.env.get().num("frame-rate"));
     if (frame_rate != 0)
@@ -659,7 +658,7 @@ fn render(self: *Self) void {
         defer frame.deinit();
         self.rdr_.stdplane().erase();
         const theme_ = self.current_theme();
-        if (self.config_.enable_terminal_cursor) {
+        if (has_native_cursor()) {
             self.rdr_.cursor_disable();
             if (self.rdr_.vx.caps.multi_cursor) self.rdr_.clear_all_multi_cursors() catch {};
             self.rdr_.set_terminal_cursor_color(theme_.editor_cursor.bg.?);
@@ -2190,6 +2189,11 @@ pub fn is_cursor_beam() bool {
     };
 }
 
+pub fn has_native_cursor() bool {
+    if (build_options.gui) return false;
+    return current().config_.enable_terminal_cursor;
+}
+
 pub fn get_selection_style() @import("Buffer").Selection.Style {
     return if (current().input_mode_) |mode| mode.selection_style else .normal;
 }

From 546cf1f6dc09aed24b5accc32b34c4bd16a73abb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 15:28:47 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/9] feat(gui): add gui cursor rendering

---
 src/gui/gpu/builtin.glsl.zig  | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 src/gui/gpu/gpu.zig           | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/gui/wio/app.zig           | 28 ++++++++++++++++-
 src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig | 57 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 src/tui/tui.zig               |  1 -
 5 files changed, 156 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/gui/gpu/builtin.glsl.zig b/src/gui/gpu/builtin.glsl.zig
index 88fb7501..eb1b3873 100644
--- a/src/gui/gpu/builtin.glsl.zig
+++ b/src/gui/gpu/builtin.glsl.zig
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ pub const FsParams = extern struct {
     col_count: i32,
     row_count: i32,
     viewport_height: i32,
+    // Primary cursor (position + appearance)
+    cursor_col: i32,
+    cursor_row: i32,
+    cursor_shape: i32, // 0=block, 1=beam, 2=underline
+    cursor_vis: i32, // 0=hidden, 1=visible
+    cursor_color: [4]f32, // RGBA normalized [0,1]
+    // Secondary cursor colour (positions encoded in ShaderCell._pad)
+    sec_cursor_color: [4]f32, // RGBA normalized [0,1]
 };
 
 const vs_src =
@@ -34,6 +42,12 @@ const fs_src =
     \\uniform int col_count;
     \\uniform int row_count;
     \\uniform int viewport_height;
+    \\uniform int cursor_col;
+    \\uniform int cursor_row;
+    \\uniform int cursor_shape;
+    \\uniform int cursor_vis;
+    \\uniform vec4 cursor_color;
+    \\uniform vec4 sec_cursor_color;
     \\uniform sampler2D glyph_tex_glyph_smp;
     \\uniform usampler2D cell_tex_cell_smp;
     \\out vec4 frag_color;
@@ -59,7 +73,7 @@ const fs_src =
     \\        return;
     \\    }
     \\
-    \\    // Fetch cell: texel = (glyph_index, bg_packed, fg_packed, 0)
+    \\    // Fetch cell: texel = (glyph_index, bg_packed, fg_packed, cursor_flag)
     \\    uvec4 cell = texelFetch(cell_tex_cell_smp, ivec2(col, row), 0);
     \\    vec4 bg = unpack_rgba(cell.g);
     \\    vec4 fg = unpack_rgba(cell.b);
@@ -78,9 +92,31 @@ const fs_src =
     \\                              gr * cell_size_y + cell_px_y);
     \\    float glyph_alpha = texelFetch(glyph_tex_glyph_smp, atlas_coord, 0).r;
     \\
-    \\    // Blend fg over bg
-    \\    vec3 color = mix(bg.rgb, fg.rgb, fg.a * glyph_alpha);
-    \\    frag_color = vec4(color, 1.0);
+    \\    // Cursor detection
+    \\    bool is_primary   = (cursor_vis != 0) && (col == cursor_col) && (row == cursor_row);
+    \\    bool is_secondary = (cell.a != 0u);
+    \\
+    \\    vec3 final_bg = bg.rgb;
+    \\    vec3 final_fg = fg.rgb;
+    \\
+    \\    if (is_primary || is_secondary) {
+    \\        vec4 cur = is_primary ? cursor_color : sec_cursor_color;
+    \\        int shape = cursor_shape;
+    \\
+    \\        if (shape == 1) {
+    \\            // Beam: 2px vertical bar at left edge of cell
+    \\            if (cell_px_x < 2) { frag_color = vec4(cur.rgb, 1.0); return; }
+    \\        } else if (shape == 2) {
+    \\            // Underline: 2px horizontal bar at bottom of cell
+    \\            if (cell_px_y >= cell_size_y - 2) { frag_color = vec4(cur.rgb, 1.0); return; }
+    \\        } else {
+    \\            // Block: cursor colour as bg, inverted for glyph contrast
+    \\            final_bg = cur.rgb;
+    \\            final_fg = vec3(1.0) - cur.rgb;
+    \\        }
+    \\    }
+    \\
+    \\    frag_color = vec4(mix(final_bg, final_fg, fg.a * glyph_alpha), 1.0);
     \\}
 ;
 
@@ -91,7 +127,7 @@ pub fn shaderDesc(backend: sg.Backend) sg.ShaderDesc {
             desc.vertex_func.source = vs_src;
             desc.fragment_func.source = fs_src;
 
-            // Fragment uniform block: 4 individual INT uniforms
+            // Fragment uniform block: individual uniforms (GLCORE uses glUniform* calls)
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].stage = .FRAGMENT;
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].size = @sizeOf(FsParams);
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].layout = .NATIVE;
@@ -100,6 +136,12 @@ pub fn shaderDesc(backend: sg.Backend) sg.ShaderDesc {
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[2] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "col_count" };
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[3] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "row_count" };
             desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[4] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "viewport_height" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[5] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "cursor_col" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[6] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "cursor_row" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[7] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "cursor_shape" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[8] = .{ .type = .INT, .glsl_name = "cursor_vis" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[9] = .{ .type = .FLOAT4, .glsl_name = "cursor_color" };
+            desc.uniform_blocks[0].glsl_uniforms[10] = .{ .type = .FLOAT4, .glsl_name = "sec_cursor_color" };
 
             // Glyph atlas texture: R8 → sample_type = FLOAT
             desc.views[0].texture = .{
diff --git a/src/gui/gpu/gpu.zig b/src/gui/gpu/gpu.zig
index d741adbc..7c75b181 100644
--- a/src/gui/gpu/gpu.zig
+++ b/src/gui/gpu/gpu.zig
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ pub const Cell = gui_cell.Cell;
 pub const Color = gui_cell.Rgba8;
 const Rgba8 = gui_cell.Rgba8;
 
+pub const CursorShape = enum(i32) { block = 0, beam = 1, underline = 2 };
+
+pub const CursorInfo = struct {
+    vis: bool = false,
+    row: u16 = 0,
+    col: u16 = 0,
+    shape: CursorShape = .block,
+    color: Color = Color.initRgb(255, 255, 255),
+};
+
 const log = std.log.scoped(.gpu);
 
 // Maximum glyph atlas dimension.  4096 is universally supported and gives
@@ -350,6 +360,8 @@ pub fn paint(
     col_count: u16,
     top: u16,
     cells: []const Cell,
+    cursor: CursorInfo,
+    secondary_cursors: []const CursorInfo,
 ) void {
     const shader_col_count: u16 = @intCast(@divTrunc(client_size.x, font.cell_size.x));
     const shader_row_count: u16 = @intCast(@divTrunc(client_size.y, font.cell_size.y));
@@ -388,6 +400,13 @@ pub fn paint(
         }
     }
 
+    // Mark secondary cursor cells in the _pad field (read by fragment shader).
+    for (secondary_cursors) |sc| {
+        if (!sc.vis) continue;
+        if (sc.row >= shader_row_count or sc.col >= shader_col_count) continue;
+        shader_cells[@as(usize, sc.row) * shader_col_count + sc.col]._pad = 1;
+    }
+
     // Upload glyph atlas to GPU if any new glyphs were rasterized this frame.
     if (state.glyph_atlas_dirty) flushGlyphAtlas(state);
 
@@ -429,12 +448,23 @@ pub fn paint(
     bindings.samplers[1] = global.cell_sampler;
     sg.applyBindings(bindings);
 
+    const sec_color: Color = if (secondary_cursors.len > 0)
+        secondary_cursors[0].color
+    else
+        Color.initRgb(255, 255, 255);
+
     const fs_params = builtin_shader.FsParams{
         .cell_size_x = font.cell_size.x,
         .cell_size_y = font.cell_size.y,
         .col_count = shader_col_count,
         .row_count = shader_row_count,
         .viewport_height = @intCast(client_size.y),
+        .cursor_col = cursor.col,
+        .cursor_row = cursor.row,
+        .cursor_shape = @intFromEnum(cursor.shape),
+        .cursor_vis = if (cursor.vis) 1 else 0,
+        .cursor_color = colorToVec4(cursor.color),
+        .sec_cursor_color = colorToVec4(sec_color),
     };
     sg.applyUniforms(0, .{
         .ptr = &fs_params,
@@ -446,6 +476,15 @@ pub fn paint(
     // Note: caller (app.zig) calls sg.commit() and window.swapBuffers()
 }
 
+fn colorToVec4(c: Color) [4]f32 {
+    return .{
+        @as(f32, @floatFromInt(c.r)) / 255.0,
+        @as(f32, @floatFromInt(c.g)) / 255.0,
+        @as(f32, @floatFromInt(c.b)) / 255.0,
+        @as(f32, @floatFromInt(c.a)) / 255.0,
+    };
+}
+
 fn oom(e: error{OutOfMemory}) noreturn {
     @panic(@errorName(e));
 }
diff --git a/src/gui/wio/app.zig b/src/gui/wio/app.zig
index 0b1e06bd..9d1bb98a 100644
--- a/src/gui/wio/app.zig
+++ b/src/gui/wio/app.zig
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ const gui_config = @import("gui_config");
 
 const log = std.log.scoped(.wio_app);
 
+// Re-export cursor types so renderer.zig (which imports 'app' but not 'gpu')
+// can use them without a direct dependency on the gpu module.
+pub const CursorInfo = gpu.CursorInfo;
+pub const CursorShape = gpu.CursorShape;
+pub const GpuColor = gpu.Color;
+
 // ── Shared state (protected by screen_mutex) ──────────────────────────────
 
 const ScreenSnapshot = struct {
@@ -31,6 +37,9 @@ const ScreenSnapshot = struct {
     widths: []u8,
     width: u16,
     height: u16,
+    // Cursor state (set by renderer thread, consumed by wio thread)
+    cursor: gpu.CursorInfo,
+    secondary_cursors: []gpu.CursorInfo, // heap-allocated, freed with snapshot
 };
 
 var gpa: std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}) = .{};
@@ -92,7 +101,11 @@ pub fn stop() void {
 }
 
 /// Called from the tui thread to push a new screen to the GPU thread.
-pub fn updateScreen(vx_screen: *const vaxis.Screen) void {
+pub fn updateScreen(
+    vx_screen: *const vaxis.Screen,
+    cursor: gpu.CursorInfo,
+    secondary_cursors: []const gpu.CursorInfo,
+) void {
     const allocator = gpa.allocator();
     const cell_count: usize = @as(usize, vx_screen.width) * @as(usize, vx_screen.height);
 
@@ -106,6 +119,13 @@ pub fn updateScreen(vx_screen: *const vaxis.Screen) void {
         allocator.free(new_codepoints);
         return;
     };
+    const new_sec = allocator.alloc(gpu.CursorInfo, secondary_cursors.len) catch {
+        allocator.free(new_cells);
+        allocator.free(new_codepoints);
+        allocator.free(new_widths);
+        return;
+    };
+    @memcpy(new_sec, secondary_cursors);
 
     // Convert vaxis cells → gpu.Cell (colours only; glyph indices filled on GPU thread).
     for (vx_screen.buf[0..cell_count], new_cells, new_codepoints, new_widths) |*vc, *gc, *cp, *wt| {
@@ -131,6 +151,7 @@ pub fn updateScreen(vx_screen: *const vaxis.Screen) void {
         allocator.free(old.cells);
         allocator.free(old.codepoints);
         allocator.free(old.widths);
+        allocator.free(old.secondary_cursors);
     }
     screen_snap = .{
         .cells = new_cells,
@@ -138,6 +159,8 @@ pub fn updateScreen(vx_screen: *const vaxis.Screen) void {
         .widths = new_widths,
         .width = vx_screen.width,
         .height = vx_screen.height,
+        .cursor = cursor,
+        .secondary_cursors = new_sec,
     };
 
     screen_pending.store(true, .release);
@@ -561,6 +584,7 @@ fn wioLoop() void {
                     allocator.free(s.cells);
                     allocator.free(s.codepoints);
                     allocator.free(s.widths);
+                    allocator.free(s.secondary_cursors);
                 }
 
                 state.size = .{ .x = win_size.width, .y = win_size.height };
@@ -595,6 +619,8 @@ fn wioLoop() void {
                     s.width,
                     0,
                     cells_with_glyphs,
+                    s.cursor,
+                    s.secondary_cursors,
                 );
                 sg.commit();
                 window.swapBuffers();
diff --git a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
index 49c4a73c..7d0e53f4 100644
--- a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
+++ b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ dispatch_event: ?*const fn (ctx: *anyopaque, cbor_msg: []const u8) void = null,
 thread: ?std.Thread = null,
 window_ready: bool = false,
 
+cursor_info: app.CursorInfo = .{},
+cursor_color: app.GpuColor = app.GpuColor.initRgb(255, 255, 255),
+secondary_cursors: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(app.CursorInfo) = .{},
+secondary_color: app.GpuColor = app.GpuColor.initRgb(255, 255, 255),
+
 const global = struct {
     var init_called: bool = false;
 };
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ pub fn init(
         .dispatch_initialized = dispatch_initialized,
     };
     result.vx.caps.unicode = .unicode;
+    result.vx.caps.multi_cursor = true;
     result.vx.screen.width_method = .unicode;
     return result;
 }
@@ -101,6 +107,7 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
     var drop: std.Io.Writer.Discarding = .init(&.{});
     self.vx.deinit(self.allocator, &drop.writer);
     self.event_buffer.deinit();
+    self.secondary_cursors.deinit(self.allocator);
 }
 
 pub fn run(self: *Self) Error!void {
@@ -123,7 +130,7 @@ fn fmtmsg(self: *Self, value: anytype) std.Io.Writer.Error![]const u8 {
 
 pub fn render(self: *Self) error{}!void {
     if (!self.window_ready) return;
-    app.updateScreen(&self.vx.screen);
+    app.updateScreen(&self.vx.screen, self.cursor_info, self.secondary_cursors.items);
 }
 
 pub fn sigwinch(self: *Self) !void {
@@ -414,13 +421,11 @@ pub fn get_fontfaces(self: *Self) void {
 }
 
 pub fn set_terminal_cursor_color(self: *Self, color: Color) void {
-    _ = self;
-    _ = color;
+    self.cursor_color = themeColorToGpu(color);
 }
 
 pub fn set_terminal_secondary_cursor_color(self: *Self, color: Color) void {
-    _ = self;
-    _ = color;
+    self.secondary_color = themeColorToGpu(color);
 }
 
 pub fn set_terminal_working_directory(self: *Self, absolute_path: []const u8) void {
@@ -462,24 +467,48 @@ pub fn request_mouse_cursor_default(self: *Self, push_or_pop: bool) void {
 }
 
 pub fn cursor_enable(self: *Self, y: i32, x: i32, shape: CursorShape) !void {
-    _ = self;
-    _ = y;
-    _ = x;
-    _ = shape;
+    self.cursor_info = .{
+        .vis = true,
+        .row = if (y < 0) 0 else @intCast(y),
+        .col = if (x < 0) 0 else @intCast(x),
+        .shape = vaxisCursorShape(shape),
+        .color = self.cursor_color,
+    };
 }
 
 pub fn cursor_disable(self: *Self) void {
-    _ = self;
+    self.cursor_info.vis = false;
 }
 
 pub fn clear_all_multi_cursors(self: *Self) !void {
-    _ = self;
+    self.secondary_cursors.clearRetainingCapacity();
 }
 
 pub fn show_multi_cursor_yx(self: *Self, y: i32, x: i32) !void {
-    _ = self;
-    _ = y;
-    _ = x;
+    try self.secondary_cursors.append(self.allocator, .{
+        .vis = true,
+        .row = if (y < 0) 0 else @intCast(y),
+        .col = if (x < 0) 0 else @intCast(x),
+        .shape = self.cursor_info.shape,
+        .color = self.secondary_color,
+    });
+}
+
+fn themeColorToGpu(color: Color) app.GpuColor {
+    return .{
+        .r = @truncate(color.color >> 16),
+        .g = @truncate(color.color >> 8),
+        .b = @truncate(color.color),
+        .a = color.alpha,
+    };
+}
+
+fn vaxisCursorShape(shape: CursorShape) app.CursorShape {
+    return switch (shape) {
+        .default, .block, .block_blink => .block,
+        .beam, .beam_blink => .beam,
+        .underline, .underline_blink => .underline,
+    };
 }
 
 pub fn copy_to_system_clipboard(self: *Self, text: []const u8) void {
diff --git a/src/tui/tui.zig b/src/tui/tui.zig
index 502ae979..bc92fa2b 100644
--- a/src/tui/tui.zig
+++ b/src/tui/tui.zig
@@ -2190,7 +2190,6 @@ pub fn is_cursor_beam() bool {
 }
 
 pub fn has_native_cursor() bool {
-    if (build_options.gui) return false;
     return current().config_.enable_terminal_cursor;
 }
 

From 1c1886defca5bd7bce495960ffe0d3e34de5c746 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 16:17:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/9] feat(gui): add gui cursor blink rendering

---
 src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig   | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/renderer/vaxis/renderer.zig |  5 +--
 src/tui/tui.zig                 | 12 ++++---
 3 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
index 7d0e53f4..2cc582f2 100644
--- a/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
+++ b/src/renderer/gui/renderer.zig
@@ -61,6 +61,15 @@ cursor_color: app.GpuColor = app.GpuColor.initRgb(255, 255, 255),
 secondary_cursors: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(app.CursorInfo) = .{},
 secondary_color: app.GpuColor = app.GpuColor.initRgb(255, 255, 255),
 
+cursor_blink: bool = false,
+blink_on: bool = true,
+blink_epoch: i64 = 0,
+blink_period_us: i64 = 500_000,
+blink_idle_us: i64 = 15_000_000,
+blink_last_change: i64 = 0,
+prev_cursor: app.CursorInfo = .{},
+prev_cursor_blink: bool = false,
+
 const global = struct {
     var init_called: bool = false;
 };
@@ -128,9 +137,47 @@ fn fmtmsg(self: *Self, value: anytype) std.Io.Writer.Error![]const u8 {
     return self.event_buffer.written();
 }
 
-pub fn render(self: *Self) error{}!void {
-    if (!self.window_ready) return;
-    app.updateScreen(&self.vx.screen, self.cursor_info, self.secondary_cursors.items);
+pub fn render(self: *Self) error{}!bool {
+    if (!self.window_ready) return false;
+
+    var cursor = self.cursor_info;
+
+    // Detect changes since the last rendered frame. Reset blink epoch and idle
+    // timer on any meaningful change so the cursor snaps to visible immediately.
+    if (cursor.vis != self.prev_cursor.vis or
+        cursor.row != self.prev_cursor.row or
+        cursor.col != self.prev_cursor.col or
+        cursor.shape != self.prev_cursor.shape or
+        self.cursor_blink != self.prev_cursor_blink)
+    {
+        const now = std.time.microTimestamp();
+        if (cursor.vis) {
+            self.blink_epoch = now;
+            self.blink_on = true;
+        }
+        self.blink_last_change = now;
+    }
+    self.prev_cursor = cursor;
+    self.prev_cursor_blink = self.cursor_blink;
+
+    // Apply blink unless the cursor has been idle for too long.
+    if (cursor.vis and self.cursor_blink) {
+        const now = std.time.microTimestamp();
+        const idle = now - self.blink_last_change;
+        if (idle < self.blink_idle_us) {
+            const elapsed = @mod(now - self.blink_epoch, self.blink_period_us * 2);
+            self.blink_on = elapsed < self.blink_period_us;
+            cursor.vis = self.blink_on;
+        } else {
+            cursor.vis = true; // freeze visible after idle timeout
+        }
+    }
+
+    app.updateScreen(&self.vx.screen, cursor, self.secondary_cursors.items);
+
+    if (!self.cursor_info.vis or !self.cursor_blink) return false;
+    const idle = std.time.microTimestamp() - self.blink_last_change;
+    return idle < self.blink_idle_us;
 }
 
 pub fn sigwinch(self: *Self) !void {
@@ -467,6 +514,7 @@ pub fn request_mouse_cursor_default(self: *Self, push_or_pop: bool) void {
 }
 
 pub fn cursor_enable(self: *Self, y: i32, x: i32, shape: CursorShape) !void {
+    self.cursor_blink = isBlink(shape);
     self.cursor_info = .{
         .vis = true,
         .row = if (y < 0) 0 else @intCast(y),
@@ -503,6 +551,13 @@ fn themeColorToGpu(color: Color) app.GpuColor {
     };
 }
 
+fn isBlink(shape: CursorShape) bool {
+    return switch (shape) {
+        .default, .block_blink, .beam_blink, .underline_blink => true,
+        else => false,
+    };
+}
+
 fn vaxisCursorShape(shape: CursorShape) app.CursorShape {
     return switch (shape) {
         .default, .block, .block_blink => .block,
diff --git a/src/renderer/vaxis/renderer.zig b/src/renderer/vaxis/renderer.zig
index 95025892..30710f43 100644
--- a/src/renderer/vaxis/renderer.zig
+++ b/src/renderer/vaxis/renderer.zig
@@ -219,10 +219,11 @@ pub fn run(self: *Self) Error!void {
     try self.loop.start();
 }
 
-pub fn render(self: *Self) !void {
-    if (in_panic.load(.acquire)) return;
+pub fn render(self: *Self) !bool {
+    if (in_panic.load(.acquire)) return false;
     try self.vx.render(self.tty.writer());
     try self.tty.writer().flush();
+    return false;
 }
 
 pub fn sigwinch(self: *Self) !void {
diff --git a/src/tui/tui.zig b/src/tui/tui.zig
index bc92fa2b..d457819d 100644
--- a/src/tui/tui.zig
+++ b/src/tui/tui.zig
@@ -681,13 +681,17 @@ fn render(self: *Self) void {
         top_layer_.draw(self.rdr_.stdplane());
     }
 
-    {
+    const renderer_more = ret: {
         const frame = tracy.initZone(@src(), .{ .name = renderer.log_name ++ " render" });
         defer frame.deinit();
-        self.rdr_.render() catch |e| self.logger.err("render", e);
+        const m = self.rdr_.render() catch |e| blk: {
+            self.logger.err("render", e);
+            break :blk false;
+        };
         tracy.frameMark();
         self.unrendered_input_events_count = 0;
-    }
+        break :ret m;
+    };
     self.top_layer_reset();
 
     self.idle_frame_count = if (self.unrendered_input_events_count > 0)
@@ -695,7 +699,7 @@ fn render(self: *Self) void {
     else
         self.idle_frame_count + 1;
 
-    if (more or self.idle_frame_count < idle_frames or self.no_sleep) {
+    if (more or renderer_more or self.idle_frame_count < idle_frames or self.no_sleep) {
         if (!self.frame_clock_running) {
             self.frame_clock.start() catch {};
             self.frame_clock_running = true;

From 32ed60bc642b321b09d010aa87b074234f3067e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 16:26:49 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 5/9] fix(win32): fix d3d11 gui build

---
 build.zig                       | 8 ++++++++
 src/renderer/win32/renderer.zig | 5 +++--
 src/win32/DwriteRenderer.zig    | 2 +-
 src/win32/d3d11.zig             | 6 +++---
 src/win32/dwrite.zig            | 2 +-
 src/win32/gui.zig               | 4 ++--
 6 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig
index 4df9709c..1bca8f31 100644
--- a/build.zig
+++ b/build.zig
@@ -506,6 +506,10 @@ pub fn build_exe(
             .d3d11 => {
                 const win32_dep = b.lazyDependency("win32", .{}) orelse break :blk tui_renderer_mod;
                 const win32_mod = win32_dep.module("win32");
+                const gui_xy_mod = b.createModule(.{ .root_source_file = b.path("src/gui/xy.zig") });
+                const gui_cell_mod = b.createModule(.{ .root_source_file = b.path("src/gui/Cell.zig") });
+                const gui_glyph_cache_mod = b.createModule(.{ .root_source_file = b.path("src/gui/GlyphIndexCache.zig") });
+                const gui_xterm_mod = b.createModule(.{ .root_source_file = b.path("src/gui/xterm.zig") });
                 const gui_mod = b.createModule(.{
                     .root_source_file = b.path("src/win32/gui.zig"),
                     .imports = &.{
@@ -519,6 +523,10 @@ pub fn build_exe(
                         .{ .name = "color", .module = color_mod },
                         .{ .name = "gui_config", .module = gui_config_mod },
                         .{ .name = "tracy", .module = tracy_mod },
+                        .{ .name = "xy", .module = gui_xy_mod },
+                        .{ .name = "Cell", .module = gui_cell_mod },
+                        .{ .name = "GlyphIndexCache", .module = gui_glyph_cache_mod },
+                        .{ .name = "xterm", .module = gui_xterm_mod },
                     },
                 });
                 gui_mod.addIncludePath(b.path("src/win32"));
diff --git a/src/renderer/win32/renderer.zig b/src/renderer/win32/renderer.zig
index 94827b6e..40e4d6a1 100644
--- a/src/renderer/win32/renderer.zig
+++ b/src/renderer/win32/renderer.zig
@@ -165,9 +165,10 @@ fn fmtmsg(self: *Self, value: anytype) std.Io.Writer.Error![]const u8 {
     return self.event_buffer.written();
 }
 
-pub fn render(self: *Self) error{}!void {
-    const hwnd = self.hwnd orelse return;
+pub fn render(self: *Self) error{}!bool {
+    const hwnd = self.hwnd orelse return false;
     _ = gui.updateScreen(hwnd, &self.vx.screen);
+    return false;
 }
 pub fn stop(self: *Self) void {
     // this is guaranteed because stop won't be called until after
diff --git a/src/win32/DwriteRenderer.zig b/src/win32/DwriteRenderer.zig
index 003a2949..943b08ac 100644
--- a/src/win32/DwriteRenderer.zig
+++ b/src/win32/DwriteRenderer.zig
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const win32 = @import("win32").everything;
 const win32ext = @import("win32ext.zig");
 
 const dwrite = @import("dwrite.zig");
-const XY = @import("../gui/xy.zig").XY;
+const XY = @import("xy").XY;
 
 pub const Font = dwrite.Font;
 pub const Fonts = dwrite.Fonts;
diff --git a/src/win32/d3d11.zig b/src/win32/d3d11.zig
index d7cd4359..f36fc9cb 100644
--- a/src/win32/d3d11.zig
+++ b/src/win32/d3d11.zig
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ const win32 = @import("win32").everything;
 const win32ext = @import("win32ext.zig");
 
 const dwrite = @import("dwrite.zig");
-const GlyphIndexCache = @import("../gui/GlyphIndexCache.zig");
+const GlyphIndexCache = @import("GlyphIndexCache");
 const TextRenderer = @import("DwriteRenderer.zig");
 
-const XY = @import("../gui/xy.zig").XY;
-const gui_cell = @import("../gui/Cell.zig");
+const XY = @import("xy").XY;
+const gui_cell = @import("Cell");
 
 pub const Font = TextRenderer.Font;
 pub const Fonts = TextRenderer.Fonts;
diff --git a/src/win32/dwrite.zig b/src/win32/dwrite.zig
index 5ac809d8..e6405689 100644
--- a/src/win32/dwrite.zig
+++ b/src/win32/dwrite.zig
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ const std = @import("std");
 const win32 = @import("win32").everything;
 
 const FontFace = @import("FontFace.zig");
-const XY = @import("xy.zig").XY;
+const XY = @import("xy").XY;
 
 const global = struct {
     var init_called: bool = false;
diff --git a/src/win32/gui.zig b/src/win32/gui.zig
index 6b8c4efb..766032a5 100644
--- a/src/win32/gui.zig
+++ b/src/win32/gui.zig
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ const input = @import("input");
 const windowmsg = @import("windowmsg.zig");
 
 const render = @import("d3d11.zig");
-const xterm = @import("../gui/xterm.zig");
+const xterm = @import("xterm");
 
 const FontFace = @import("FontFace.zig");
-const XY = @import("../gui/xy.zig").XY;
+const XY = @import("xy").XY;
 
 const WM_APP_EXIT = win32.WM_APP + 1;
 const WM_APP_SET_BACKGROUND = win32.WM_APP + 2;

From c48d592edcf3b8e6e6831b2f15765357c62c467c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 18:57:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] fix(terminal): don't error when re-opening existing
 terminal

---
 src/tui/terminal_view.zig | 9 +++++----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/tui/terminal_view.zig b/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
index 7d79aace..9f9d4350 100644
--- a/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
+++ b/src/tui/terminal_view.zig
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ pub fn run_cmd(self: *Self, ctx: command.Context) !void {
 
     var argv_list: std.ArrayListUnmanaged([]const u8) = .empty;
     defer argv_list.deinit(self.allocator);
+    var have_cmd = false;
     if (argv_msg) |msg| {
         var iter = msg.buf;
         var len = try cbor.decodeArrayHeader(&iter);
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ pub fn run_cmd(self: *Self, ctx: command.Context) !void {
             var arg: []const u8 = undefined;
             if (try cbor.matchValue(&iter, cbor.extract(&arg)))
                 try argv_list.append(self.allocator, arg);
+            have_cmd = true;
         }
     } else {
         const default_shell = if (builtin.os.tag == .windows)
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ pub fn run_cmd(self: *Self, ctx: command.Context) !void {
     const rows: u16 = @intCast(@max(24, self.plane.dim_y()));
 
     if (global_vt) |*vt| {
-        if (!vt.process_exited) {
+        if (!vt.process_exited and have_cmd) {
             var msg: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(self.allocator);
             defer msg.deinit();
             try msg.writer.writeAll("terminal is already running '");
@@ -118,10 +120,9 @@ pub fn run_cmd(self: *Self, ctx: command.Context) !void {
             try msg.writer.writeAll("'");
             return tp.exit(msg.written());
         }
-        vt.deinit(self.allocator);
-        global_vt = null;
+    } else {
+        try Vt.init(self.allocator, argv_list.items, env, rows, cols, on_exit);
     }
-    try Vt.init(self.allocator, argv_list.items, env, rows, cols, on_exit);
     self.vt = &global_vt.?;
 
     if (self.last_cmd) |cmd| {

From e1c90cbe260f79fdb42d5b982ce748d6022c6681 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 20:33:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 7/9] feat(gui): generate focus_in/_out events from wio app

---
 src/gui/wio/app.zig | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/gui/wio/app.zig b/src/gui/wio/app.zig
index 9d1bb98a..0f8c4b2b 100644
--- a/src/gui/wio/app.zig
+++ b/src/gui/wio/app.zig
@@ -534,8 +534,14 @@ fn wioLoop() void {
                     const cp = pixelToCellPos(mouse_pos);
                     tui_pid.send(.{ "RDR", "B", @as(u8, 1), btn_id, cp.col, cp.row, cp.xoff, cp.yoff }) catch {};
                 },
-                .focused => window.enableTextInput(.{}),
-                .unfocused => window.disableTextInput(),
+                .focused => {
+                    window.enableTextInput(.{});
+                    tui_pid.send(.{"focus_in"}) catch {};
+                },
+                .unfocused => {
+                    window.disableTextInput();
+                    tui_pid.send(.{"focus_out"}) catch {};
+                },
                 else => {},
             }
         }

From 67595e676b634878417d797e07c66a27e25d03e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 20:33:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 8/9] fix(gui): default to .beam cursor in gui until idle
 rendering is more efficient

---
 src/tui/tui.zig | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/tui/tui.zig b/src/tui/tui.zig
index d457819d..54896607 100644
--- a/src/tui/tui.zig
+++ b/src/tui/tui.zig
@@ -2174,7 +2174,12 @@ pub fn get_cursor_shape() renderer.CursorShape {
             default_cursor
     else
         default_cursor;
-    const shape = if (self.rdr_.vx.caps.multi_cursor and shape_ == .default) .beam_blink else shape_;
+    const shape = if (build_options.gui and shape_ == .default)
+        .beam
+    else if (self.rdr_.vx.caps.multi_cursor and shape_ == .default)
+        .beam_blink
+    else
+        shape_;
     return switch (shape) {
         .default => .default,
         .block_blink => .block_blink,

From 8c9cee9facee0ac68d4836c036b3659e46757f22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CJ van den Berg <cj@vdbonline.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 2026 21:12:21 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 9/9] build: rework release build system to support gui targets

---
 build.zig | 103 +++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------
 1 file changed, 44 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig
index 1bca8f31..b2c46749 100644
--- a/build.zig
+++ b/build.zig
@@ -114,17 +114,21 @@ fn build_release(
     all_targets: bool,
     test_filters: []const []const u8,
 ) void {
-    const targets: []const std.Target.Query = if (all_targets) &.{
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .x86, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .arm, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musleabihf },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .macos },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .macos },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .windows },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .windows },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .freebsd },
-        .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .freebsd },
+    const targets: []const struct { std.Target.Query, Renderer } = if (all_targets) &.{
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl }, .terminal },
+        // .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = null }, .gui },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musl }, .terminal },
+        // .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = null }, .gui },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .arm, .os_tag = .linux, .abi = .musleabihf }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .macos }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .macos }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .windows }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .windows }, .d3d11 },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .windows }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .windows }, .d3d11 },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .x86_64, .os_tag = .freebsd }, .terminal },
+        .{ .{ .cpu_arch = .aarch64, .os_tag = .freebsd }, .terminal },
     } else blk: {
         const maybe_triple = b.option(
             []const u8,
@@ -133,8 +137,18 @@ fn build_release(
         );
         const triple = maybe_triple orelse {
             const native_target = b.resolveTargetQuery(.{}).result;
-            break :blk &.{
-                .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag },
+            break :blk switch (native_target.os.tag) {
+                .linux => &.{
+                    .{ .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag, .abi = .musl }, .terminal },
+                    // .{ .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag, .abi = null }, .gui },
+                },
+                .windows => &.{
+                    .{ .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag }, .terminal },
+                    .{ .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag }, .d3d11 },
+                },
+                else => &.{
+                    .{ .{ .cpu_arch = native_target.cpu.arch, .os_tag = native_target.os.tag }, .terminal },
+                },
             };
         };
         const selected_target = std.Build.parseTargetQuery(.{
@@ -142,8 +156,18 @@ fn build_release(
         }) catch |err| switch (err) {
             error.ParseFailed => @panic("unknown target"),
         };
-        break :blk &.{
-            .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = selected_target.abi },
+        break :blk switch (selected_target.os_tag.?) {
+            .linux => &.{
+                .{ .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = .musl }, .terminal },
+                // .{ .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = .gnu }, .gui },
+            },
+            .windows => &.{
+                .{ .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = selected_target.abi }, .terminal },
+                .{ .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = selected_target.abi }, .d3d11 },
+            },
+            else => &.{
+                .{ .{ .cpu_arch = selected_target.cpu_arch, .os_tag = selected_target.os_tag, .abi = selected_target.abi }, .terminal },
+            },
         };
     };
     const optimize = b.standardOptimizeOption(.{});
@@ -155,8 +179,9 @@ fn build_release(
     b.getInstallStep().dependOn(&b.addInstallFile(version_file, "version").step);
 
     for (targets) |t| {
-        const target = b.resolveTargetQuery(t);
-        var triple = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, t.zigTriple(b.allocator) catch unreachable, '-');
+        const renderer = t.@"1";
+        const target = b.resolveTargetQuery(t.@"0");
+        var triple = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, t.@"0".zigTriple(b.allocator) catch unreachable, '-');
         const arch = triple.next() orelse unreachable;
         const os = triple.next() orelse unreachable;
         const target_path = std.mem.join(b.allocator, "-", &[_][]const u8{ os, arch }) catch unreachable;
@@ -176,7 +201,7 @@ fn build_release(
             true, // strip release builds
             use_llvm,
             pie,
-            .terminal,
+            renderer,
             version,
             test_filters,
         );
@@ -195,50 +220,10 @@ fn build_release(
             false, // don't strip debug builds
             use_llvm,
             pie,
-            .terminal,
+            renderer,
             version,
             test_filters,
         );
-
-        if (t.os_tag == .windows) {
-            build_exe(
-                b,
-                run_step,
-                check_step,
-                test_step,
-                lint_step,
-                target,
-                optimize_release,
-                .{ .dest_dir = .{ .override = .{ .custom = target_path } } },
-                tracy_enabled,
-                use_tree_sitter,
-                true, // strip release builds
-                use_llvm,
-                pie,
-                .d3d11,
-                version,
-                test_filters,
-            );
-
-            build_exe(
-                b,
-                run_step,
-                check_step,
-                test_step,
-                lint_step,
-                target,
-                optimize_debug,
-                .{ .dest_dir = .{ .override = .{ .custom = target_path_debug } } },
-                tracy_enabled,
-                use_tree_sitter,
-                false, // don't strip debug builds
-                use_llvm,
-                pie,
-                .d3d11,
-                version,
-                test_filters,
-            );
-        }
     }
 }