diff --git a/src/remote/endpoint.zig b/src/remote/endpoint.zig
index 0aa2e66..3d62461 100644
--- a/src/remote/endpoint.zig
+++ b/src/remote/endpoint.zig
@@ -140,18 +140,25 @@ const Endpoint = struct {
         switch (msg) {
             .send => |s| {
                 // Ensure a local proxy exists for the sender.
-                _ = try self.get_or_create_proxy(s.from_id);
-                // Route to the local actor that owns this wire ID.
-                if (self.local_actors.get(s.to_id)) |actor|
-                    try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = s.payload })
+                const prx = try self.get_or_create_proxy(s.from_id);
+                // Route to the local actor that owns this wire ID, delivering
+                // FROM the proxy so the recipient can reply naturally.
+                if (self.local_actors.getPtr(s.to_id)) |actor_ptr|
+                    try prx.send(.{ "deliver_pid", @as(u64, @intFromPtr(actor_ptr.h)), protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = s.payload } })
                 else
                     return tp.exit_error(error.UnknownLocalActor, null);
             },
             .send_named => |s| {
-                // Ensure a local proxy exists for the sender so it can receive replies.
-                _ = try self.get_or_create_proxy(s.from_id);
-                const actor = tp.env.get().proc(s.to_name);
-                try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = s.payload });
+                if (s.from_id != 0) {
+                    // Deliver FROM the proxy so the recipient sees the proxy as
+                    // `from` and can reply by sending back through it.
+                    const prx = try self.get_or_create_proxy(s.from_id);
+                    try prx.send(.{ "deliver_named", s.to_name, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = s.payload } });
+                } else {
+                    // No sender identity; deliver directly without from substitution.
+                    const actor = tp.env.get().proc(s.to_name);
+                    try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = s.payload });
+                }
             },
             .exit => |e| {
                 // Remote actor has exited; notify its local proxy.
diff --git a/src/remote/proxy.zig b/src/remote/proxy.zig
index bb4c4e4..79fef76 100644
--- a/src/remote/proxy.zig
+++ b/src/remote/proxy.zig
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ const Proxy = struct {
     allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
     endpoint: tp.pid,
     remote_id: u64,
+    /// One cloned pid per sender, keyed by stable instance_id().
+    /// Kept alive so the endpoint can safely clone from the stored handle.
+    senders: std.AutoHashMap(usize, tp.pid),
     receiver: tp.Receiver(*@This()),
 
     fn start(args: Args) tp.result {
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ const Proxy = struct {
             .allocator = args.allocator,
             .endpoint = args.endpoint,
             .remote_id = args.remote_id,
+            .senders = std.AutoHashMap(usize, tp.pid).init(args.allocator),
             .receiver = .init(receive_fn, deinit, self),
         };
         errdefer self.deinit();
@@ -46,6 +50,9 @@ const Proxy = struct {
     }
 
     fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
+        var it = self.senders.valueIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |p| p.deinit();
+        self.senders.deinit();
         self.endpoint.deinit();
         self.allocator.destroy(self);
     }
@@ -56,6 +63,9 @@ const Proxy = struct {
 
     fn receive(self: *@This(), from: tp.pid_ref, m: tp.message) !void {
         var reason: []const u8 = "";
+        var to_name: []const u8 = "";
+        var handle_int: u64 = 0;
+        var payload: []const u8 = "";
 
         if (try m.match(.{ "exit", tp.extract(&reason) })) {
             // Notify the endpoint so it can remove us from the proxy table.
@@ -63,12 +73,26 @@ const Proxy = struct {
             // this exit came from transport collapse.
             self.endpoint.send(.{ "proxy_exit", self.remote_id, reason }) catch {};
             return tp.exit(reason);
+        } else if (try m.match(.{ "deliver_named", tp.extract(&to_name), tp.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
+            // Deliver to a named local actor. Because this call is made from
+            // within the proxy's receive, the recipient sees the proxy as `from`.
+            const actor = tp.env.get().proc(to_name);
+            try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = payload });
+        } else if (try m.match(.{ "deliver_pid", tp.extract(&handle_int), tp.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
+            // Deliver to a local actor identified by its handle pointer.
+            // The recipient sees the proxy as `from`.
+            const actor: tp.pid_ref = .{ .h = @ptrFromInt(@as(usize, @intCast(handle_int))) };
+            try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = payload });
+        } else {
+            // Forward all other messages to the endpoint for wire transmission.
+            // We cache one owned clone per sender (keyed by stable instance_id)
+            // so the endpoint can safely clone from the stored heap handle later.
+            const actor_id = from.instance_id();
+            const result = try self.senders.getOrPut(actor_id);
+            if (!result.found_existing) result.value_ptr.* = from.clone();
+            const stored = result.value_ptr.*;
+            try self.endpoint.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, @intFromPtr(stored.h)), self.remote_id, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = m.buf } });
         }
-
-        // Forward all other messages to the endpoint for wire transmission.
-        // Pass the sender's handle pointer as an opaque u64 so the endpoint
-        // can assign (or look up) a stable outbound wire ID for this actor.
-        try self.endpoint.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, @intFromPtr(from.h)), self.remote_id, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = m.buf } });
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/test/remote_child_endpoint.zig b/test/remote_child_endpoint.zig
index 4f38120..379136e 100644
--- a/test/remote_child_endpoint.zig
+++ b/test/remote_child_endpoint.zig
@@ -1,10 +1,17 @@
 /// Child binary for the endpoint test.
 ///
-/// Runs a full Thespian context with two actors:
-///   - EchoActor: registered as "echo" in env; forwards any received message
-///     back through the endpoint to "test_receiver" on the parent side.
-///   - StdioEndpoint: reads framed CBOR from stdin, dispatches send_named
-///     messages to local actors via env, and writes outbound frames to stdout.
+/// Runs a full Thespian context with actors registered in a StdioEndpoint:
+///
+///   "echo" (wire ID 2): receives {from_id, payload}, replies via send_named
+///     to "test_receiver" on the parent side.
+///
+///   "echo_id" (wire ID 3): receives {from_id, payload}.
+///     - If from_id == 0: trigger mode — sends send_named to "test_receiver"
+///       so the parent can establish a proxy and reply by ID.
+///     - If from_id != 0: reply mode — sends wire send to from_id with ["done"].
+///
+/// StdioEndpoint dispatches inbound wire messages to actors, passing
+/// {from_id, payload} so actors can reply by ID when needed.
 const std = @import("std");
 const tp = @import("thespian");
 const cbor = @import("cbor");
@@ -12,7 +19,7 @@ const framing = @import("framing");
 const protocol = @import("protocol");
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// EchoActor
+// EchoActor (wire ID 2)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 const EchoActor = struct {
@@ -37,7 +44,6 @@ const EchoActor = struct {
             .receiver = .init(receive_fn, deinit, self),
         };
         errdefer self.deinit();
-        // Notify StdioEndpoint so it can register us (via `from`) in its env.
         try args.parent.send(.{"echo_ready"});
         tp.receive(&self.receiver);
     }
@@ -51,8 +57,73 @@ const EchoActor = struct {
     }
 
     fn receive(self: *@This(), from: tp.pid_ref, m: tp.message) !void {
-        // Reply to sender (the StdioEndpoint) with {"send", 2, "test_receiver", <payload>}
-        try from.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, 2), "test_receiver", protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = m.buf } });
+        var from_id: u64 = 0;
+        var payload: []const u8 = "";
+        if (try m.match(.{ tp.extract(&from_id), cbor.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
+            // Reply via send_named to "test_receiver" on the parent side.
+            try from.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, 2), "test_receiver", protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = payload } });
+        } else {
+            return tp.unexpected(m);
+        }
+        _ = self;
+    }
+};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// EchoIdActor (wire ID 3)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const EchoIdActor = struct {
+    allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+    receiver: tp.Receiver(*@This()),
+
+    const Args = struct {
+        allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
+        /// Owned pid of the StdioEndpoint to notify when ready.
+        parent: tp.pid,
+    };
+
+    fn start(args: Args) tp.result {
+        return init(args) catch |e| return tp.exit_error(e, @errorReturnTrace());
+    }
+
+    fn init(args: Args) !void {
+        defer args.parent.deinit();
+        const self = try args.allocator.create(@This());
+        self.* = .{
+            .allocator = args.allocator,
+            .receiver = .init(receive_fn, deinit, self),
+        };
+        errdefer self.deinit();
+        try args.parent.send(.{"echo_id_ready"});
+        tp.receive(&self.receiver);
+    }
+
+    fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
+        self.allocator.destroy(self);
+    }
+
+    fn receive_fn(self: *@This(), from: tp.pid_ref, m: tp.message) tp.result {
+        return self.receive(from, m) catch |e| return tp.exit_error(e, @errorReturnTrace());
+    }
+
+    fn receive(self: *@This(), from: tp.pid_ref, m: tp.message) !void {
+        var from_id: u64 = 0;
+        var payload: []const u8 = "";
+        if (try m.match(.{ tp.extract(&from_id), cbor.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
+            if (from_id == 0) {
+                // Trigger mode: send send_named so the parent can establish
+                // a proxy and will reply by ID.
+                try from.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, 3), "test_receiver", protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = payload } });
+            } else {
+                // Reply mode: send ["done"] back to the parent actor by wire ID.
+                var done_buf: [8]u8 = undefined;
+                const done_msg = try tp.message.fmtbuf(&done_buf, .{"done"});
+                try from.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, 3), from_id, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = done_msg.buf } });
+            }
+        } else {
+            return tp.unexpected(m);
+        }
         _ = self;
     }
 };
@@ -66,6 +137,10 @@ const StdioEndpoint = struct {
     fd_stdin: tp.file_descriptor,
     accumulator: framing.Accumulator,
     read_buf: [4096]u8,
+    /// Maps wire ID → local actor pid for routing inbound send-by-ID.
+    wire_ids: std.AutoHashMap(u64, tp.pid),
+    /// Number of child actors that have reported ready; arm stdin when all ready.
+    ready_count: u8,
     receiver: tp.Receiver(*@This()),
 
     const Args = struct { allocator: std.mem.Allocator };
@@ -75,6 +150,8 @@ const StdioEndpoint = struct {
     }
 
     fn init(args: Args) !void {
+        tp.trace_to_json_file("remote_child_endpoint_trace.json");
+        tp.env.get().enable_all_channels();
         const fd_stdin = try tp.file_descriptor.init("stdin", 0);
         const self = try args.allocator.create(@This());
         self.* = .{
@@ -82,23 +159,29 @@ const StdioEndpoint = struct {
             .fd_stdin = fd_stdin,
             .accumulator = .{},
             .read_buf = undefined,
+            .wire_ids = std.AutoHashMap(u64, tp.pid).init(args.allocator),
+            .ready_count = 0,
             .receiver = .init(receive_fn, deinit, self),
         };
         errdefer self.deinit();
 
-        // Spawn echo actor linked to this endpoint. Pass our pid so EchoActor
-        // can notify us when "echo" is registered in the env. We arm wait_read
-        // only after that notification to avoid a race where read_ready fires
-        // before EchoActor has finished registering.
         _ = try tp.spawn_link(args.allocator, EchoActor.Args{
             .allocator = args.allocator,
             .parent = tp.self_pid().clone(),
         }, EchoActor.start, "echo");
 
+        _ = try tp.spawn_link(args.allocator, EchoIdActor.Args{
+            .allocator = args.allocator,
+            .parent = tp.self_pid().clone(),
+        }, EchoIdActor.start, "echo_id");
+
         tp.receive(&self.receiver);
     }
 
     fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
+        var it = self.wire_ids.valueIterator();
+        while (it.next()) |p| p.deinit();
+        self.wire_ids.deinit();
         self.fd_stdin.deinit();
         self.allocator.destroy(self);
     }
@@ -109,19 +192,27 @@ const StdioEndpoint = struct {
 
     fn receive(self: *@This(), from: tp.pid_ref, m: tp.message) !void {
         var from_id: u64 = 0;
+        var to_id_wire: u64 = 0;
         var to_name: []const u8 = "";
         var payload: []const u8 = "";
 
         if (try m.match(.{"echo_ready"})) {
-            // EchoActor is ready; register its pid in our env so dispatch_frame
-            // can route to it, then arm stdin reads.
             tp.env.get().proc_set("echo", from);
-            try self.fd_stdin.wait_read();
+            try self.wire_ids.put(2, from.clone());
+            self.ready_count += 1;
+            if (self.ready_count == 2) try self.fd_stdin.wait_read();
+        } else if (try m.match(.{"echo_id_ready"})) {
+            tp.env.get().proc_set("echo_id", from);
+            try self.wire_ids.put(3, from.clone());
+            self.ready_count += 1;
+            if (self.ready_count == 2) try self.fd_stdin.wait_read();
         } else if (try m.match(.{ "fd", "stdin", "read_ready" })) {
             try self.dispatch_stdin();
             try self.fd_stdin.wait_read();
         } else if (try m.match(.{ "fd", "stdin", "read_error", tp.any, tp.any })) {
             return tp.exit("stdin_closed");
+        } else if (try m.match(.{ "send", tp.extract(&from_id), tp.extract(&to_id_wire), cbor.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
+            try self.send_wire_by_id(from_id, to_id_wire, payload);
         } else if (try m.match(.{ "send", tp.extract(&from_id), tp.extract(&to_name), cbor.extract_cbor(&payload) })) {
             try self.send_wire(from_id, to_name, payload);
         } else {
@@ -143,20 +234,33 @@ const StdioEndpoint = struct {
     fn dispatch_frame(self: *@This(), frame: []const u8) !void {
         const msg = try protocol.decode(frame);
         switch (msg) {
-            .send => |s| {
-                _ = s;
-                _ = self;
-                return tp.exit_error(error.UnexpectedSend, null);
-            },
             .send_named => |s| {
                 const actor = tp.env.get().proc(s.to_name);
-                try actor.send_raw(tp.message{ .buf = s.payload });
-                _ = self;
+                // Include from_id so the actor can reply by ID if needed.
+                try actor.send(.{ s.from_id, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = s.payload } });
+            },
+            .send => |s| {
+                // Route by wire ID.
+                if (self.wire_ids.get(s.to_id)) |actor|
+                    try actor.send(.{ s.from_id, protocol.RawCbor{ .bytes = s.payload } })
+                else
+                    return tp.exit_error(error.UnknownWireId, null);
             },
             .link, .exit, .proxy_id, .transport_error => return tp.exit_error(error.UnexpectedMessage, null),
         }
     }
 
+    fn send_wire_by_id(_: *@This(), from_id: u64, to_id: u64, payload: []const u8) !void {
+        var msg_buf: [framing.max_frame_size]u8 = undefined;
+        var msg_stream: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&msg_buf);
+        try protocol.encode_send(&msg_stream, from_id, to_id, payload);
+
+        var frame_buf: [framing.max_frame_size + 4]u8 = undefined;
+        var frame_stream: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&frame_buf);
+        try framing.write_frame(&frame_stream, msg_stream.buffered());
+        try std.fs.File.stdout().writeAll(frame_stream.buffered());
+    }
+
     fn send_wire(_: *@This(), from_id: u64, to_name: []const u8, payload: []const u8) !void {
         var msg_buf: [framing.max_frame_size]u8 = undefined;
         var msg_stream: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&msg_buf);
diff --git a/test/remote_endpoint_id_test.zig b/test/remote_endpoint_id_test.zig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a6dd5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/remote_endpoint_id_test.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/// Tests inbound proxy table, from-substitution, outbound ID table, and
+/// inbound send-by-ID routing in a single three-step round-trip:
+///
+///   1. Parent sends send_named to "echo_id" (from_id=0, trigger mode).
+///   2. Child echo_id sends send_named back (from_id=3) → proxy created,
+///      delivered FROM proxy to TestActor (from-substitution).
+///   3. TestActor replies to proxy via from.send() → outbound ID assigned,
+///      wire send reaches child with from_id=wire_id_TA, to_id=3.
+///   4. Child echo_id replies via wire send to wire_id_TA → parent routes
+///      via local_actors to TestActor (inbound send-by-ID).
+///   5. TestActor receives ["done"] → exits "success".
+const std = @import("std");
+const thespian = @import("thespian");
+const endpoint = @import("endpoint");
+const build_options = @import("build_options");
+
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
+const result = thespian.result;
+const unexpected = thespian.unexpected;
+const pid_ref = thespian.pid_ref;
+const Receiver = thespian.Receiver;
+const message = thespian.message;
+
+const TestActor = struct {
+    allocator: Allocator,
+    ep: thespian.pid,
+    receiver: Receiver(*@This()),
+    state: enum { waiting_for_hello, waiting_for_done },
+
+    const Args = struct { allocator: Allocator };
+
+    fn start(args: Args) result {
+        return init(args) catch |e| return thespian.exit_error(e, @errorReturnTrace());
+    }
+
+    fn init(args: Args) !void {
+        thespian.trace_to_json_file("remote_endpoint_id_trace.json");
+        thespian.env.get().enable_all_channels();
+        thespian.env.get().proc_set("test_receiver", thespian.self_pid().ref());
+
+        const argv = try args.allocator.dupe(u8, message.fmt(.{build_options.remote_child_endpoint_path}).buf);
+        const ep = try thespian.spawn_link(
+            args.allocator,
+            endpoint.Args{
+                .allocator = args.allocator,
+                .argv = argv,
+            },
+            endpoint.start,
+            "endpoint",
+        );
+
+        // Trigger child echo_id in trigger mode (from_id=0).
+        try ep.send(.{ "send", @as(u64, 0), "echo_id", .{"hello"} });
+
+        const self = try args.allocator.create(@This());
+        self.* = .{
+            .allocator = args.allocator,
+            .ep = ep,
+            .receiver = .init(receive_fn, deinit, self),
+            .state = .waiting_for_hello,
+        };
+        errdefer self.deinit();
+        thespian.receive(&self.receiver);
+    }
+
+    fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
+        self.ep.deinit();
+        self.allocator.destroy(self);
+    }
+
+    fn receive_fn(self: *@This(), from: pid_ref, m: message) result {
+        return self.receive(from, m) catch |e| return thespian.exit_error(e, @errorReturnTrace());
+    }
+
+    fn receive(self: *@This(), from: pid_ref, m: message) !void {
+        switch (self.state) {
+            .waiting_for_hello => {
+                if (try m.match(.{"hello"})) {
+                    // Reply through the proxy — this populates the outbound ID table
+                    // and sends a wire send to the child with our assigned wire ID.
+                    try from.send(.{"hello"});
+                    self.state = .waiting_for_done;
+                } else return unexpected(m);
+            },
+            .waiting_for_done => {
+                if (try m.match(.{"done"})) {
+                    // Arrived via inbound send-by-ID routing through local_actors.
+                    return thespian.exit("success");
+                } else return unexpected(m);
+            },
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+test "remote: inbound proxy table, from-substitution, outbound ID table, and send-by-ID routing" {
+    const allocator = std.testing.allocator;
+    var ctx = try thespian.context.init(allocator);
+    defer ctx.deinit();
+
+    var success = false;
+    var exit_handler = thespian.make_exit_handler(&success, struct {
+        fn handle(ok: *bool, status: []const u8) void {
+            ok.* = std.mem.eql(u8, status, "success");
+        }
+    }.handle);
+
+    _ = try ctx.spawn_link(
+        TestActor.Args{ .allocator = allocator },
+        TestActor.start,
+        "test_actor",
+        &exit_handler,
+        null,
+    );
+
+    ctx.run();
+
+    if (!success) return error.TestFailed;
+}
diff --git a/test/tests.zig b/test/tests.zig
index ceb3273..e7543a8 100644
--- a/test/tests.zig
+++ b/test/tests.zig
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ pub const ip_tcp_client_server = @import("ip_tcp_client_server.zig");
 pub const remote_poc = @import("remote_poc_test.zig");
 pub const remote_roundtrip = @import("remote_roundtrip_test.zig");
 pub const remote_endpoint = @import("remote_endpoint_test.zig");
+pub const remote_endpoint_id = @import("remote_endpoint_id_test.zig");
 
 test {
     std.testing.refAllDecls(@This());